Research Code

Amsterdam UMC aims to carry out biomedical research of the highest possible standard. Most research is performed within research groups or networks of research groups working on various aspects of the same research theme. The working environment of researchers should be organized in such a way that high standards of research quality, integrity, reliability and reproducibility of procedures can be met.

Reproducibility of results

Reproducibility can refer either to instances in which the original research data and methodology are used to reproduce the results, or instances in which independent researchers obtain consistent results using their own data and methodology. Several factors can contribute to non-reproducibility, such as unknown variation or effects, inadequate documentation, technology limitations, potential biases, lack of training, institutional barriers, or even misconduct. To avoid this, and promote reproducibility, the general principles below apply to good research and laboratory practice:

• The principal investigator (PI) is responsible for all aspects of the research.
• The PI works in close collaboration with the central (financial) administration to maintain a proper record of all current and past projects (see table below).

• For each project, the aims, objectives, hypotheses and research methods are described in a research protocol, supported by a critical analysis of the literature.
• Personnel involved in a research project are knowledgeable, well trained and aware of the rules and regulations that apply to their work (see table below).

• Research laboratories are safe and well equipped. All equipment must be maintained properly and regularly, with relevant documentation and records available. The Medical Technology department (location AMC or location VUmc) can be contacted for technical management of equipment.
• Procedures are well described, validated and up to date. The procedural descriptions must be stored digitally in a central location as part of the department’s data storage. Tracing their location should be simple, transparent and clear.
• Research findings are recorded in an electronic laboratory notebook (see below).
• Opportunities for discussion and critical feedback among research group members and their peers are organized regularly.

Keeping a laboratory notebook

Proper recording of research hypotheses, experiments, methodology and observations in an official laboratory notebook is a vital part of laboratory work. This is also essential for demonstrating how potential inventions came about (see Chapter 'Valorization'). Basic principles and best practices for keeping a laboratory notebook are shown below and can also be found online, such as those published by the National Institutes of Health.