Not much is known about the influence of testosterone on the risk of cervical cancer. In theory, the effect of this hormone on the lining of the vagina and cervix could increase the risk of cervical cancer. Therefore, this study, conducted by physician-researchers Asra Vestering and Wouter van Vugt, looked at how often cervical cancer occurs in 2,095 trans men using testosterone.
No cases of cervical cancer were found in these trans men, and there was no increased risk of cervical cancer precursors compared with cis women (in whom gender identity matches birth sex) of the same age.
Regular screening
Despite the positive results, the researchers underscore the importance of screening. Vestering: “Everyone with a cervix is at risk for cervical cancer, regardless of gender identity and any hormone use. Screening therefore remains necessary, especially as trans men increasingly retain their uterus.”
Trans men, like cis women, can participate in population screening at Bevolkingsonderzoek Nederland.
With caution
In addition, the researchers emphasize that the results should be interpreted with caution because the study was relatively short (19 months of testosterone use) and did not look at HPV infections, the main cause of cervical cancer.
What next?
Screening remains necessary for íveryone with a cervix, the researchers emphatically reiterate. In addition, follow-up research is needed into the longer-term risks of testosterone use and a better mapping of how often people participate in screening programs.
The study was published in eClinicalMedicine.